Kenyans do love their
sports. In fact, little appears to weld them together more tightly than shared
support for a team or an athlete. In August 2008, barely 6 months after the inter-communal slaughter
that followed disputed elections claimed over 1300 lives and brought the
country to the brink of civil war, Kenyans were united in cheering the
country’s athletes at the Olympic games in China. Today, most weekends echo with war cries as the various
soccer tribes meet up to do battle online and at homes and bars countrywide. It
is at such times, one can catch a fleeting glimpse of
what Kenya truly is.
Last weekend we had another chance to see
it. As politicians did their best to polarize and divide the people, the
historic win in Singapore by the national rugby sevens team was achieving the
opposite. These two events did not cancel out each other. The people were not
any less divided over local politics or any less fervent in their support for
Shujaa - as the sevens team is sometimes called (mistakenly according to
Wikipedia). Just as 8 years ago there
was apparently little contradiction in people cheering runners from communities
they were at war with half a year before.
In his recent columns, economist Dr David
Ndii has suggested that our national and ethnic identities are locked in an
epic, existential conflict, and that “tribe has eaten the nation”. He has
portrayed Kenya as a marriage of tribes, each trying to outdo the others. A
Kenyan identity, he seems to say, is to be articulated as an antidote to this infighting,
failing which, a divorce would be inevitable.
The reality is, however, considerably
different. Within what it means to be a Kenyan, there appears to be a seamless
integration of polarizing tribal politics with celebrations of national
achievement. Being Kenyan appears to demand the ability to inhabit seemingly
contradictory spaces and identities almost simultaneously. We can be in both Afraha
and Singapore, in Beijing and Kiambaa. We can be the most virulent tribalists
while dressed up in national colours.
A Kenyan identity hangs rather more
comfortably alongside a tribal one than Dr Ndii suggests and people seem to
move in and out of them depending on whichever one they prefer to express at a
particular moment, in much the same way they navigate their choice of dress.
Like clothing, the identities we wear are allow us to run with particular crowds. But Dr Ndii is partially mistaken when he posits that identity
is "about belonging and believing, as opposed to having or not
having." The “belonging” is, in fact, a passport to the “having”. The
identity is actually a means to access physical and psychological resources.
Thus we are most Kenyan when we seek the
resources that identity offers – be they collective security after a terror attack
or to be part of the winning team in a sporting event. We are also most tribal when
we seek the resources offered by that identity – most often when demanding our
“share of the national cake” or “our turn to eat”.
In truth, our closets are full of multiple,
and at times contradictory, identities which we put on and take off depending
on who we want to be or seem.
The real threat to the national identity thus is not
that people have an ethnic one, but that the “Kenyan” costume has been eaten up
by moths and offers diminished returns. The fact is our ravenous elites have
hollowed out the promise of Kenya and few want to put on its tattered uniform.
Our sportsmen and women have always shown
us the way to fix this. We must build up the Kenya brand, not by a vacuous
“positivity” as government-types would have us believe, but by actually working
towards a Kenya that delivers real victories for its people in their everyday
struggles. We must also resist the attempt by elites to disguise both the
problem and their own culpability for it by hyping ethnicity to foil
accountability.
1 comment:
The problem in Kenya persists as portrayed in this article. The problem is there but we don't have the courage to face it head-on. I'll try to give you my theory. Just see if it makes sense.
Prior to Colonialism, this area currently called Kenya had different Kingdoms, Chieftains et cetera. There were Oloibons, Orkoiyots, Kaya Elders and so forth that led respective tribes. These respective tribes interacted in trade and inter-marriages. Apart from fights over water-sheds and Livestock raids, there were no fights between communities.
Then the colonialists came in and things changed dramatically. Divide and conquer was their strategy, not to civilize Kenyans but to Exploit Kenyans and their resources. And that happened very efficiently.
After world war two, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill Entered into the North Atlantic Treaty and agreed to decolonize so as to avoid another world war. So did they Decolonize Africa but they were keen to retain Africa as a Source of Raw Materials and a Market for finished goods. They knew quite well that since Kenyans were already divided, Kenyans won't be able to process their raw materials into finished goods thanks to internal conflicts. Furthermore, the thing that brought Kenyans of different ethnicity together was freedom. When Kenya was decolonized, it was now everyone for himself.
The facts are that the twentieth century was too fast for Kenyans and Africa at large. So many changes were imposed on Kenyans and they never took time to internalize them. To-date, Ethnic affiliation seems superior to patriotism simply because Nationalism was never an undertaking by Kenyans.
Now, I've never seen anybody climb a tree from the Top. I would propose two approaches. One, Federalism that will retain Kenya as a country but devolve most of the powers and resources to the regional leaders. Two, Cessation where the tribes will have their own leaders and maybe they will integrate into the larger Kenya at their own pace and preference.
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